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SUNGHO
JIN Distinguished
Professor and Iwama Endowed Professor of Materials
Science Department
of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering (with
joint appointment with Nanoengineering Dept.) Director,
UCSD Materials Science & Engineering Program Also,
Life-time Faculty Member, Center for Magnetic Recording Research (CMRR) at
UCSD
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Address
(T)
858-534-4903, (F) 858-534-5698, (Website)
http://maeweb.ucsd.edu/~jin/
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1) Nano Materials and Device Applications -- Carbon nanotubes,
nanoparticles, and nano-fabrication of aligned or patterned nanostructures with
controlled geometry, synthesis of nanocomposite structures, ultra-sharp
nanoprobes, electron field emission, e-beam lithography, and nano imprint
lithography, self-assembled
AAO, diblock co-polymers toward 10 nm feature resolution.
2) Magnetic Materials and Applications – New permanent magnet materials
design and fabrications, Creation of ultra-high-density magnetic recording
media for computer and archival memory.
3) Energy materials and structures for rare-earth-free magnets,
efficient thermoelectric materials, solar cells, fuel cells, battery
electrodes, water splitting --- Nanoparticle synthesis and composite
structuring for new rare-earth-free, high-strength permanent magnets by
exchange interactions, large surface-area, highly efficient catalyst
nanostructures, membrane/separator materials, high-capacity electrode
materials, nano-grained thermoelectric materials by spark erosion.
4) Energy-efficient, light-weight structural materials for
transportations --- Alloys with reduced density/weight and higher-strength/
higher-toughness that will allow use of less materials and consume less energy
to operate, such as engine or body parts for automobiles, trains, aerospace,
and ships.
5) Bio Materials and Influence on Cell Behavior and Nanomedicine --
Functional or maneuverable biomaterials such as magnetic nanoparticles, quantum
dots, conjugated nanocomposites. Also have orthopaedic and dental implant
materials, coronary stents, new 3-D scaffolds for tissue engineering, drug
delivery nano-bio materials, and medical devices.
About 20 researchers in Prof. Jin¡¯s group conduct highly interdisciplinary research in various areas.
Recent Ph.D. graduates (2006-2011)
Student/Postdoc
recognitions (from the Jin group)
-- Joseph Aubuchon – Materials Research Society (MRS) Gold Medal (2005 Spring Mtg) in the ¡°Best Graduate Student¡± contest. [Currently a manager at Applied Materials, CA].
-- Chiara Daraio –MRS Gold Medal (2005 Fall Mtg) in the ¡°Best Graduate Student¡± contest. [Currently a Full Professor at CalTech].
-- Brian Oh – One of the selected ¡°Stem
Cell Postdoctoral Trainee Grant¡± awardees, 2006, California Institute
Regenerative Medicine (CIRM). [Currently a professor at Wonkwang Univ,
-- Karla Brammer – 2007 ARCS Foundation scholarship (Achievement Rewards for College Scientists) [Currently Director, Materials Research, Diversified Nano]
--
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Photo taken in June 2006 at the
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Ph.D. |
Materials
Science (1974),
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M.S. |
Physical
Metallurgy (1971),
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B.S. |
Metallurgical
Engineering (1969), |
¡¤ July 2006 – present : Distinguished Professor, UCSD
¡¤ July 2004 – present : Life-time faculty member, Center for Magnetic Recording Research (CMRR) at UCSD
¡¤ January
2003 – present : Director,
UCSD Materials Science & Engineering Program (http://matsci.ucsd.edu/)
¡¤ July 2002 –
present : Professor of Materials Science and Endowed Chair, Department of
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,
¡¤ May 1981 –
June 2002:
¡¤ July 1976 -
May 1981 : Bell Labs at
¡¤ July 1974 -
June, 1976 : Lawrence
Contributed to the advancement
of science and technology with world-class, trend-setting research in the
fields of electronic, magnetic, optical, superconducting, electronic packaging,
and MEMS materials and devices, nano-bio materials, and energy materials. The pioneering and leadership nature of
my work is evident by a large number of Science Citation Index (~12,000), US
Patents (~220 issued or pending), publications (~340), and invited or keynote
talks (~130) at major professional societies.
1. Discovered
(and named) Colossal Magneto-Resistance (CMR) phenomenon in perovskite
La-Ca-Mn-O thin films in 1994. My
publications in Science [with ~3800
citations, 4th highest cited paper in the physical science field
during the past decade], JAP,
2. Developed ductile permanent magnet alloys of Fe-Cr-Co (chromindur) based on design and fabrication of controlled alloy nanoscale structures by spinodal decomposition for reliable and miniaturized telephone receiver applications. As many as 10 million cup-shaped magnets per year have been manufactured and used in-high quality AT&T telephones since early 1980s, with a total economic impact (savings) of over $250M (equivalent to ~$ 1 billion in today¡¯s dollar value).
3. For safe and convenient transport of abundant natural gas energy, e.g., across the ocean, liquified natural gas (-162oC) needs to be contained in strong and safe steel tanks. To solve the well-known ductile-brittle transition (DBTT) problem of bcc alloys at cryogenic temperatures, a novel alloy design approach of phase transformation thermal cycling was pioneered so as to produce significant grain refinement. Ultra-fine/nano grain size (~500 nm) was successfully obtained in vacuum induction melted Fe base alloys (Fe-rich Fe-Ni or Fe-Mn) by thermal treatment alone, without resorting to cold rolling/recrystallization or any plastic deformation. As a result, the DBTT was successfully suppressed to below liquid helium temperature (< -269oC (4oK), ~ close to the absolute zero temp), and the Charpy Impact Test pendulum got completely stopped by the ultragrain/nanograin steel samples on LHe temp testing. Such a thermal-process induced grain refinement can be useful for a variety of steels and other ferrous and nonferrous alloys.
4. In response to the worldwide cobalt supply crisis in early 1980¡¯s, I developed a series of cobalt-free, square-loop semi-hard magnet alloys including Fe-20Ni-4Mo and Fe-8Mn alloys, using uniaxially elongated and aligned grain morphology and texture control. They are now widely used in billions/year of anti-theft security tags for electronic surveillance in various retail stores.
5. Developed voltage-pulse-generating magnetic alloy wires (remotely actuate-able by external magnetic field) for possible implantation for functional electrical stimulations of neurons, accelerated bone healing, remote pacemakers, and other biomedical applications for neural stimulations.
6. Designed new, optically transparent (~98%) yet electrically conductive polymer-metal particle composite structure with z-direction-only anisotropic conductivity using vertically alignment of chain of ferromagnetic metal particles (Published in Science). The structure can be useful for touch-sensitive screens and other optical applications. The anisotropic conductivity can be useful for solderless electronic interconnections, non-invasive circuit tests for commercial high-frequency IC products, and potentially for tactile sensor skins for robotic or bio applications.
7. Designed and demonstrated magnetically tunable optical fiber grating device which allows latchable reconfiguration of Bragg filtering wavelength for potential wavelength division multiplxed (WDM) optical telecom systems.
8. Contributed
to Lucent¡¯s exciting optical MEMS program (involving 100+ scientists) with
valuable work of enabling the stability and performance of light-reflecting
mirrors. World¡¯s largest and fastest telecommunication optical switching
systems using the free-space optical MEMS has been demonstrated by Lucent at the Yr 2001
9. Demonstrated,
for the first time, and within a month after the announcement of the 90K
superconductor, the feasibility of high Tc superconductor(HTSC) wires from the
mechanically brittle ceramic superconductors was demonstrated through the study
of diffusional interactions between various metals and the reactive high
Tc materials, and through
fabrication of silver clad superconductor wires. This silver-clad approach was
widely used by many researchers and industries in US,
Pioneered (and named) the Melt-Textured-Growth processing for HTSC and demonstrated for the first time that the grain boundary weak link problem in bulk high Tc superconductors can be overcome and high critical current density can be obtained. The principle of partial melt processing for grain alignment is now employed by world-wide researchers in order to achieve high critical currents (Jc) in Y-Ba-Cu-O, Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O, and Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O bulk superconductors and wires, and led to commercial applications such as efficient and sharp, telecommunication frequency filters for Bell Atlantic, Ameritech, and other companies. For the leadership quality R&D in the superconductor field I received the ¡°1990 Person of the Year¡± award from Superconductor Week which selected one person with greatest contributions per year from more than 1200 physicists, chemists materials scientists, and electrical engineers then actively engaged in high Tc research. I was also selected as one of the Top Ten Innovative Scientists in U.S. (in the collective field of biology, chemistry, physics and electrical engineering) by Business Week magazine (August 14, 1989), and was featured in the centerfold photograph in Life magazine (September 1987).
10. Initiated
the trend and displayed leadership in advocating and promoting R&D in early
1990¡¯s on the environmentally safe electronic solders, especially Lead-Free
Solders. (Europe and
11. Also developed a series of new lead-free solder alloys with superior properties such as ¡°Universal Solders¡±, using unique alloy design approaches. These alloys contain a very small amount (<0.5-2.0%) of low-cost rare earth elements (Lu, Ce, La, mischmetal), which during soldering operation diffuses to the solder-substrate bond interface and induces strong interfacial chemical bonding. Strong and direct Ohmic bonds to Si, GaAs semiconductors, as well as to traditionally unsolderable ceramic surfaces, such as Al2O3, SiO2, yttria, zirconia, Si2N3, diamond, etc have been demonstrated for efficient electronic, photonic, MEMS or ceramic packaging.
12. Discovered
a new diamond processing technique using diffusional thinning, polishing and
shaping of diamond by molten rare earth metals. While diamond has the highest
thermal conductivity of all known materials and provides exciting thermal
management possibilities in modern electronic and optoelectronic designs, it is
the hardest material known to mankind and the conventional mechanical polishing
and shaping (usually against diamond) is time-consuming and costly, sometimes
accounting for as much as one-half of
13. Pioneered the desirable iron-clad superconductor wire structure for the newly discovered MgB2 superconductors, and demonstrated for the first time that the volatility problem associated with the presence of magnesium can be overcome and promising superconductor characteristics and configurations can be obtained. This work was published in Nature in May, 2001, and covered by New York Times, Financial Times, and various news media.
14. Demonstrated
new, on-chip MEMS vacuum microtriode device by combining the world of nano with
that of MEMS. Carbon nanotube cold cathode was utilized to construct a miniature triode field
emission device for microwave power amplifier applications. The pioneering
nature of this work was recognized and covered by news media and respectable
science magazines/journals including Physics Today (July 2002),
15. Demonstrated
for the first time that sharply bent (zig-zag or 90o bent) carbon
nanotubes can be fabricated using inhomogeneous electric field distribution
during
16. Discovered that vertically aligned and well-adhered TiO2 nanotubes on Ti implant metal surface significantly increases the formation of hydroxyapatite and bone growth. It is demonstrated that the kinetics of osteoblast cell adhesion/growth is accelerated by 300-400% on the nanoscale, topologically configured surface of the nanotubes (published in J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 2006), and the mobility of endothelial cells are much enhanced (published in Nano Lett. 2008). Also discovered that the stem cell (hMSC) differentiation can be dictated solely by TiO2 nanotube geometry so that either cell proliferation without differentiation or preferential differentiation into osteogenic lineage can be accomplished without using chemical inducing agents (published in PNAS, 2009).
17. Discovered
novel electronic switching behavior and logic in
18. Contributed to the design of dual-elastic-modulus composite materials, and discovery of strongly nonlinear acoustic materials with exciting ¡°energy trapping and shock wave disintegration¡± characteristics (Phys. Rev. Lett., 2006). A shock wave impulse can be made to be confined at the soft-hard modulus interface of chain of spheres, which then allows the trapped shock energy to be slowly released in the form of weak, separated pulses over an extended period of time. Such control of acoustic waves can be useful for powerful shock mitigation, sound absorption, drastic compression /decomposition/focusing of acoustic signals for signal scrambling, and more accurate acoustic therapeutics for brain tumors and other medical disorders.
19. Designed new Dye Sensitized Solar cells with interconnected metallic electronic conductive paths in anode TiO2 matrix, with ~9% regime solar cell efficiency routinely obtained. Also, demonstrated the feasibility of eliminating the expensive FTO (fluorinated tin oxide type transparent conductive oxide) glass component for easier scale-up with minimal voltage drop in larger solar cells.
20. Thermoelectric materials with high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing (Bi-Sb-Te and other types) being developed using ~30 nm size nanograined structure for reduced thermal conductivity and enhanced overall conversion efficiency (Thermoelectric efficiency ZT of at least ~1.4 at room temperature to ~200oC).
21. R&D toward significantly lower-cost Si photovoltaic solar cells by reduced Si materials usage and cutting loss. Feasibility of reducing Si usage by a factor of ~10 demonstrated using massively parallel, high-speed, catalytic chemical slicing. Only 10 micrometer thick Si sheets easily produced with ~5-10 micrometer Si materials loss per cut.
22. Smell-o-Vision odor generating device demonstrated for future TV and cell phone displays. The X-Y matrix controlled device generates desired odors such as lady¡¯s perfume or pizza smell synchronized and released when the corresponding scenes come up on TV screen.
23. New rare-earth free magnets are actively developed so as to replace the currently widely used rare-earth magnets (~$10B/yr market) for all motors including future electric vehicles, turbine generators and windmills. Nanoparticles are manipulated to induce exchange interface interactions so as to enhance the magnetic saturation and coercive force.
¡¤ Member of the United States National Academy of Engineering (elected in 1999).
¡¤ Albert Sauveur Achievement Award, ASM International for pioneering research for discovery of new materials and phenomena in the fields of electronic, magnetic and superconducting materials. (2009).
¡¤
John
Bardeen Award from
¡¤ Nano 50 Awards (2005) which honors top 50 nanotech technologists in US.
¡¤
Ho-Am Engineering
Award from Ho-Am Foundation in
¡¤
Inaugural
¡¤ Elected to the rank of TMS Fellows (The Metals, Minerals and Materials Society), 2000. (the maximum number of living Fellows limited to 100).
¡¤ Fellow of American Physical Society, 2003.
¡¤ Fellow of ASM (American Society for Metals) International, 1994.
¡¤ 1990 Superconductor Week ¡°Person of the Year Award¡±.
¡¤ Received
1998 ¡°Outstanding SRC (Semiconductor Research Corp.)
¡¤ Recognized by the ISI (Institute for Scientific Information) as ¡°ISI¡¯s 1120 Most Cited Physicists in the World¡± (for the period of 1981 – 1997) with the rank of 392th out of 1120 best physical science researchers.
¡¤ Editor, Acta Materialia (January 2007 - now).
¡¤ Associate Editor, Materials Science & Engineering B.
¡¤ Principal Editor, Journal of Materials Research (1998 – 2005).
¡¤ Guest
Editor for JOM Special Topics Series on Lead-Free Solders: A challenge
and
¡¤ Editor of the eleven-chapter book, ¡°Processing and Properties of High Tc Superconductors¡±, 1993.
¡¤ Editor for Electronic Packaging, New Encyclopedia of Materials Science and Technology (1999).
¡¤ TMS Board of Directors member, and Division Chair (for Yr. 2002-2004) for TMS Electronic, Magnetic, Photonic Materials Division Council, overseeing ~7 technical committees. Served as Committee Chair (1999-2002) for TMS Electronic Packaging and Interconnection Materials Committee.
¡¤ Meeting Chair, Materials Research Society Fall Meeting, 2000, overseeing the organization and running of 41 Symposia with ~4500 participants.
¡¤ Organized
the first eight
1. S. Jin, T. H. Tiefel, M. McCormack, R. A. Fastnacht, R. Ramesh, and L. H. Chen, "Thousandfold Change in Resistivity in Magnetoresistive La-Ca-Mn-O Films", Science 264, 413 (1994).
2. J. E. Graebner, S. Jin, G. W. Kammlott, J. A. Herb, and C. F. Gardinier, "Large Anisotropic Thermal Conductivity in Synthetic Diamond Films'', Nature 359, 401 (1992).
3. S. Jin and G. Y. Chin, "Fe-Cr-Co Magnets (Invited)," IEEE Trans. Magn., MAG-23, 3187 (1987).
4. R. Ramesh, S. Jin and P. Marsh, ¡°Superconductor Defect Structure¡±, Nature, 346, 420 (1990).
5. D. W. Murphy, D. W. Johnson, Jr., S. Jin, R. E. Howard, ¡°Processing Techniques for the 93K Superconductor Ba2YCu3O7-d ¡°, Science, 241, 922-930 (1988).
6. S. Jin, T. H. Tiefel, R. Wolfe, R. C. Sherwood, J. J. Mottine, Jr., "Optically Transparent, Electrically Conductive Composite Medium", Science, 255, 446 (1992).
7. S. Jin, J. E. Graebner, M. McCormack, T. H. Tiefel, A. Katz, and W. C. Dautremont-Smith, "Shaping of Diamond Films by Etching with Molten Rare-Earth Metals", Nature 362, 822 (1993).
8. W. Zhu, G. P. Kochanski, and S. Jin, "Low-Field Electron Emission from Undoped Nanostructured Diamond", Science 282, 1471 (1998).
9. S. Jin, H. Mavoori, C. Bower, and R. B. van Dover, "High Critical Currents in Iron-Clad Superconducting MgB2 Wires", Nature 411, 563 (2001).
10. P.R.
Bandaru, C. Daraio, S. Jin, and A.M. Rao, ¡° Electrical Switching Behavior and
Logic in Carbon Nanotube Y-junctions¡±, Nature Materials 4, 663-666 (2005).
11. S. Jin, H. Mavoori, R. P. Espindola, and T. A. Strasser, ¡°Broad-Range Latchable Reconfiguration of Bragg Wavelength in Optical Gratings¡±, Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 2259 (1999).
12. L. H. Chen, H. Mavoori, T. J. Klemmer, and S. Jin, ¡°Magnetostriction in a Co-30%Fe Alloy¡±, IEEE Trans. Magn. 35, 3835 (1999).
13. C. Bower, W. Zhu, S. Jin, and O. Zhou, ¡°Plasma-induced Alignment of Carbon Nanotubes¡±, Appl. Phys. Lett., 77, 830 (2000).
14. L. H. Chen, T. J. Klemmer, K. Ellis, R. B. van Dover, and S. Jin, ¡°Soft Magnetic Properties of Fe-Co-B Films for Ultra High Frequency Applications¡±, J. Appl. Phys. 87, 5858 (2000).
15. H. Mavoori, A. R. Ramirez and S. Jin, ¡°Universal Solders for Direct and Powerful Bonding on Electronic and Optical Materials¡±, Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 2976 (2001).
16. W.
Zhu, C. Bower, G. P. Kochanski, and S. Jin, ¡°Electron Field Emission from
Nanostructured Diamond and Carbon Nanotubes¡±,
17. C. Bower, W. Zhu, D. Shalom, D. Lopez, L. H. Chen, P. L. Gammel and S. Jin, ¡°On-chip vacuum microtriode using carbon nanotube field emitters¡±, Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, 3820 (2002).
18. Joseph F. AuBuchon, Li-Han Chen, Andrew I. Gapin, Dong-Wook Kim, Chaira Daraio,
and Sungho Jin, ¡°Multiple Sharp Bending of Carbon Nanotubes during Growth to
Produce Zig-Zag Morphology¡±, Nano Lett.
4, 1781 (2004).
19. Seunghan Oh, Chiara Daraio, Li-Han Chen, Thomas R. Pisanic and Sungho Jin, ¡°Significantly Accelerated Osteoblast Cell Growth on Aligned TiO2 Nanotubes¡± J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 78A, 97-103 (2006).
20. Thomas R. Pisanic, Jennifer D. Blackwell, Veronica I. Shubayev, Rita R. Finones, Sungho Jin, ¡°Nanotoxicity of iron oxide nanoparticle internalization in growing neurons¡±, Biomaterials 28, 2572–2581 (2007).
21. Andrew
I. Gapin, Xiang-Rong Ye, Li-Han Chen, Daehoon Hong, and Sungho Jin, ¡°Patterned Media Based on Soft/Hard Composite
Nanowire Array of Ni/CoPt¡±, IEEE Trans. Magn. 43(6), 2151 (2007).
22. I-C.
Chen, L. H. Chen,C.A. Orme, S. Jin, ¡°Control of Curvature in Highly Compliant Probe Cantilevers
during Carbon Nanotube Growth¡±, Nano
Lett. 7(10), 3035-3040 (2007).
23. Jeongwon Park, Li-Han Chen, Daehoon Hong, Chulmin Choi, Mariana Loya, Karla Brammer, Prab Bandaru, and Sungho Jin, ¡°Geometry Transformation and Alterations of Periodically Patterned Si Nanotemplates by Dry Oxidation¡±, Nanotechnology 20, 015303 (2009).
24. Veronica I. Shubayev, Thomas R. Pisanic, and Sungho Jin, ¡°Magnetic Nanoparticles for Theragnostics¡±, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 61, 467-477 (2009).
25. Seunghan Oh, Karla Brammer, Julie Li, Dayu Teng, Adam Engler, Shu Chien, Sungho Jin, ¡°Stem Cell Fate Dictated Solely by Altered Nanotube Dimension¡±, PNAS 106(7), 2130-2135 (2009).
26. Karla S. Brammer,
27. Mariana C. Loya, Eunsung Park,
28. Kunbae Noh, Chulmin Choi, Jin-Yeol Kim, Young Oh, Karla S. Brammer, Mariana Loya, and Sungho Jin, ¡°Long-Range Ordered Anodic Alumina Nanotubes by Nanoimprint-Assisted Aluminum Surface Engineering¡±, J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B28(6), C6M88 - C6M92 (2010).
29. Cyrus
S. Rustomji, Christine J. Frandsen, Sungho Jin and Michael J. Tauber, ¡°A
Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Constructed with Titanium Mesh and 3-D Array of TiO2 Nanotubes¡±, J.
Phys. Chem.
B 114 (45), 14537 (2010).
30. Chulmin Choi, Yeoungchin Yoon, Daehoon Hong, Young Oh, Frank E. Talke and Sungho Jin, ¡°Planarization of Patterned Magnetic Recording Media to Enable Head Flyability¡±, Microsystem Technologies 17, 395–402 (2011).
31. Seong Deok Kong, Weizhou Zhang, Jun Hee Lee, Karla Brammer, Ratnesh Lal, Michael Karin, and Sungho Jin, ¡°Magnetically Vectored Nanocapsules for Tumor Penetration and Remotely Switchable On-Demand Drug Release¡±, Nano Lett. 10, 5088-5092 (2010).
32. Chulmin Choi, Kunbae Noh, Young Oh, Cihan Kuru, Daehoon Hong, Diana Villwork, Li-Han Chen, Sungho Jin, "Diameter reduced islands for enhanced e-beam and nano imprinting lithography toword bit patterned magnetic media", IEEE Trans. Magn. 47(10), 2236-2539 (2011)
33. Hyunsu Kim, Jongjin Park, Kunbae Noh, Calvin J. Gardner, Seong Deok Kong, Jongmin Kim, and Sungho Jin, " X–Y Addressable Matrix Odor-Releasing System Using an On–Off Switchable Device¡±, Angewandte Chemie, Int. Ed. 50, 6771 - 6775 (2011).
34. Dae
Hoe Lee, Kyler J. Carroll, Scott Calvin, Sungho Jin, Ying Shirley Meng,
"Conversion Mechanism of Nickel Fluoride and NiO-Doped Nickel Fluoride in
Li Ion Batteries", Electrochimica Acta 59(C), 213-221 (2012).
35. Jirapon Khamwannah, Yanyan Zhang, Sun Young Noh, Christine
Frandsen, Seong-Deok Kong, and Sungho Jin, ¡°Enhancement
of DSSC efficiency by composite TiO2 nanoparticles/8nm TiO2 nanotubes
paper-like structure photoelectrode¡±, Nano
Energy, 2012 (DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2012.03.010,
in press).
Summary Description of Selected Projects in the Jin group
(weblink to pdf file)